Incoterms® 2020: A High-Level Buyer Guide
ICC Incoterms® rules allocate specified delivery obligations, costs and risk between buyer and seller in sales of goods.
Open →Learning section
International Purchasing
Cross-border costs, currency, lead time, documentation and Incoterms®.
Import Cost Components
Cross-border purchases can add freight, insurance, brokerage, duties, taxes, terminal fees and inland delivery.
Open →Foreign-Currency Purchasing
The buyer’s home-currency cost can change between budgeting, ordering and payment.
Open →Long-Lead-Time Purchases
Long lead times magnify demand uncertainty, currency exposure, design changes and supplier-delay consequences.
Open →Cross-Border Documents and Customs Brokers
International purchases often require commercial and transport documents that agree on product, quantity, value and parties.
Open →Cross-Border Supplier Risk
Distance can magnify quality, logistics, payment, legal and replacement problems.
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